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A deep understanding of digital design principles, including logic gates, finite state machines, sequential and combinatorial logic, pipelining, and timing analysis.
Familiarity with processor architectures (e.g., RISC, CISC), memory hierarchies, bus protocols (e.g., AXI, AMBA), and system-level integration.
Functional Verification: Ensuring the design implements the correct functionality.
RTL (Register Transfer Level) Verification: Ensuring that the RTL code works as expected, including checking for corner cases.
Assertion-Based Verification: Using assertions (SystemVerilog or other languages) to express the expected behavior of the design.
Coverage-Driven Verification: Utilizing coverage metrics to ensure that all code paths and corner cases are tested.
UVM (Universal Verification Methodology): A popular methodology that uses object-oriented programming (OOP) principles and provides a reusable and scalable verification environment.
Formal Verification: Using formal methods to prove that a design meets its specification under all possible conditions.
Waveform Debugging: Using waveform viewers to trace signal activity and identify timing issues or logic errors.
Log File Analysis: Interpreting simulation logs and error messages to identify bugs.
Mentor Graphics, Synopsys, Cadence Debugging Tools: Expertise in the debugging features of these tools to identify issues quickly.
Collaborating with design teams to integrate test structures.
Choosing appropriate DFT strategies based on chip complexity and target applications.
Inserting scan chains, BIST, and other test features.
Optimizing design without impacting area, power, or timing.
Generating ATPG patterns for stuck-at, transition, and path delay faults.
Developing BIST algorithms for self-testing modules.
Verifying DFT logic correctness through pre-silicon simulations.
Running fault simulations to evaluate fault coverage.
Debugging issues using on-chip test structures.
Supporting production testing to ensure quality and reliability.
Addressing unique challenges in technologies like 5nm and 3nm.
Incorporating power-aware testing and at-speed testing.
Determining the placement of macros, standard cells, I/O pins, and power grids.
Establishing a foundation for efficient chip layout and minimizing wire length.
Creating a robust power distribution network (PDN) to prevent IR drop and electromigration issues.
Ensuring uniform power delivery to all components.
Arranging standard cells within the chip area while optimizing for timing, area, and power.
Addressing congestion to avoid routing difficulties.
Designing a balanced clock distribution network to minimize skew and jitter.
Ensuring all sequential elements receive the clock signal simultaneously.
Establishing interconnections between standard cells, macros, and I/O pins.
Adhering to design rules for manufacturability (DRC).
Managing crosstalk, delay, and noise issues during routing.
Optimizing timing, power, and area to meet design specifications.
Verifying that the design adheres to foundry-specific rules and matches the logical design.
Ensuring the design meets setup and hold time requirements across all corners and modes.
Conducting checks like DRC, LVS, IR drop analysis, and electromigration (EM) analysis.
Finalizing the layout for tapeout.
Converting RTL code into logic gates and flip-flops.
Ensuring functional equivalence between RTL and the generated netlist.
Mapping the logic gates to specific standard cells available in the target technology library.
Selecting cells based on area, timing, and power trade-offs.
Meeting timing constraints such as setup and hold time requirements.
Ensuring zero or minimal negative slack in the design.
Reducing chip area without compromising performance.
Minimizing dynamic and leakage power through techniques like multi-Vt cells and clock gating.
Writing and refining design constraints using Synopsys Design Constraints (SDC).
Addressing timing paths, clock definitions, multi-cycle paths, false paths, and input/output delays.
Verifying and resolving issues at clock domain interfaces to ensure reliable operation.
Validating the synthesized netlist against the original RTL to ensure no functionality is lost.
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